List of HVDC projects

Contents

The following is a list of notable high voltage direct current power transmission projects.

HVDC projects for long-distance transmission have two (or rarely, more) converter stations and a transmission line interconnecting them. Generally overhead lines are used for interconnection, but an important class of HVDC projects use submarine power cables. A back-to-back station has no transmission line and connects two AC grids at different frequencies or phase counts. Historical HVDC systems used the Thury system of motor-generators but these have all been made obsolete by later developments such as mercury-arc valves, thyristors, and IGBT power transistors.

Table

This is a sortable table. Click on column icon to sort by other keys.

Type key

List

Name
 Converter
station 1
 Converter
station 2
 Cable (km)
 Overhead line (km)
 Volt (kV)
 Power (MW)
 Year
 Type
 Remarks
 Ref
Miesbach-Munich Power Transmission Germany - Miesbach Germany - Munich 57 2 0.0025 1882 Single machine Demonstration facility, dismantled
Gorzente River - Genoa DC transmission scheme Italy - Gorzente River Italy - Genoa  ?  ? 6  ? 1889 Thury upgraded later to a voltage of 14 kV, power of 2.5 MW and a length of 120 km, dismantled
La Chaux-de-Fonds DC transmission scheme Switzerland - ? Switzerland - ?  ?  ? 14  ? 1897 Thury dismantled
St. Maurice - Lausanne DC transmission scheme Switzerland - St. Maurice Switzerland - Lausanne  ?  ? 22 3.7 1899 Thury dismantled
Lyon-Moutiers DC transmission scheme France - Lyon France - Moutiers 10 190 ±75 30 1906 Thury dismantled in 1936
Wilesden-Ironbridge DC transmission scheme UK - Wilesden UK - Ironbridge 22.5  ? 100  ? 1910 Thury dismantled (when?)
Chambéry DC transmission scheme France - ? France - ?  ?  ? 150  ? 1925 Thury dismantled in 1937
Mechanicville, New York USA - Mechanicville,NY USA - Schenectaday, NY 37 12 5 1932 Merc experimental, frequency conversion 40 to 60 Hz, dismantled after WW II [1]
Carnegie Steel Company B2B USA - Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania USA - Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania  ?  ?  ? Merc built for an interconnection between 60 Hz-utility system and a 25 Hz System, dismantled [2]
HVDC Zurich-Wettingen Switzerland - Wettingen Switzerland - Zurich 20 50 0.5 1939 Merc experimental facility built by BBC, dismantled
Name Converter
station 1		 Converter
station 2		 Cable (km) Pole (km) Volt (kV) Power (MW) Year Type Remarks Ref
HVDC Charlottenburg-Moabit Germany - Berlin-Moabit Germany - Berlin-Charlottenburg 4.6 100 14 1942 Merc experimental facility built by Siemens, dismantled in 1945
Lehrte-Misburg HVDC Germany - Lehrte Germany - Hannover/Misburg  ? 80 16 1944 Merc experimental facility, dismantled
Elbe-Project Germany , Vockerode Germany - Berlin, Marienfelde 115 0 200 60 1945 Merc never placed in service, dismantled
HVDC Trollhattan-Merud Sweden - Trollhattan Sweden - Merud 50 45 6.5 1946 Merc experimental facility built by ASEA, dismantled
Moscow-Kashira Russia - Moscow Russia - Kashira 100 200 30 1951 Merc built of parts of HVDC Elbe-Project, shut down (when?)
Gotland 1 Sweden - Västervik Sweden - Yigne 98 200 20 1954 Merc shut down in February 1986
Cross-Channel France - Echingen UK - Lydd 64 100 160 1961 Merc shut down in 1984
Volgograd-Donbass Russia - Volzhskaya Russia - Mikhailovskaya 475 400 750 1964 Merc  
Konti-Skan 1 Denmark - Vester Hassing Sweden - Stenkullen 87 89 250 250 1964 Merc replaced in August 2006 by modern converters using thyristors
Sakuma B2B Japan - Sakuma Japan - Sakuma 125 300 1965 Merc replaced in 1993 by new converter using light-triggered thyristors
Name Converter
station 1		 Converter
station 2		 Cable (km) Pole (km) Volt (kV) Power (MW) Year Type Remarks Ref
HVDC Inter-Island 1 New Zealand - Benmore New Zealand - Haywards 40 571 270 200 1965 Merc Built as +/-250 kV 600 MW link. Cables replaced and paralleled with new pole at +270 kV in 1991. Largely decommissioned in 2007; but 200MW transfer is available in emergency situations. To be fully decommissioned in 2012.
SACOI 1 Italy - Suvereto France- Lucciana  ; Codrongianos, Italy 304 118 200 200 1965 Merc replaced in 1986 by thyristors, multiterminal scheme
Vancouver Island 1 Canada - Delta, BC Canada - North Cowichan, BC 42 33 260 312 1968 Merc  
Pacific DC Intertie USA - Oregon - Celilo USA - California - Sylmar , 1362 500 3100 1970 Merc transmission voltage until 1984 400 kV, maximum transmission 1440 MW power until 1982 1440 MW, from 1982 to 1984 1600 MW, from 1984 to 1989 2000 MW, mercury arc rectifiers replaced in 2004 by photothyristors. Original supplier ASEA/GE. 1989 upgrade by ABB. [2]
Nelson River Bipole 1 Canada - Gillam Canada - Rosser, Manitoba 895 450 1620 1971 Merc Used the largest mercury arc rectifiers ever built. Poles converted to thyristors in 1993, 2004.
Eel River B2B Canada- Eel River, NB Canada- Eel River, NB 80 320 1972 Thyr  
Kingsnorth UK- Kingsnorth UK - London-Beddington  ; London-Willesden 85 266 640 1975 Merc shut down in 1987
Shin Shinano B2B Japan - Shin Shinano Japan - Shin Shinano 125 600 1977 Thyr  
Square Butte USA - Center, ND (Young) USA - Adolph, MN (Arrowhead) 749 250 500 1977 Thyr  
Vancouver Island 2 Canada - Delta, BC Canada - North Cowichan, BC 33 42 280 370 1977 Thyr  
Name Converter
station 1		 Converter
station 2		 Cable (km) Pole (km) Volt (kV) Power (MW) Year Type Remarks Ref
Cross-Skagerak 1 + 2 Denmark - Tjele Norway - Kristiansand 130 100 250 500 1977 Thyr  
David A. Hamil B2B USA - Stegall, Nebraska USA - Stegall, Nebraska ±50 100 1977 Thyr  
Cahora Bassa Mozambique - Songo South Africa - Apollo 1420 533 1920 1979 Thyr   First HVDC with voltage above 500 kV
CU USA - Underwood, ND
(Coal Creek)		 USA - Rockford, MN (Dickinson) 710 400 1000 1979 Thyr  
Hokkaido-Honshu Japan- Hakodate Japan - Kamikita 44 149 250 300 1979 Thyr  
Acaray B2B Paraguay - Ciudad de Este Paraguay - Ciudad de Este 25.6 50 1981 Thyr  
Vyborg B2B Russia - Vyborg Russia - Vyborg 85 1065 1982 Thyr  
Inga-Shaba Democratic Republic of Congo - Kolwezi Democratic Republic of Congo - Inga ) 1700 500 560 1982 Thyr  
Dürnrohr B2B Austria - Dürnrohr Austria - Dürnrohr 145 550 1983 Thyr shut down in October 1996, dismantled in 2007
Artesia, New Mexico (Eddy County HVDC B2B) B2B USA - Artesia, NM USA - Artesia, NM 82 200 1983 Thyr  
Name Converter
station 1		 Converter
station 2		 Cable (km) Pole (km) Volt (kV) Power (MW) Year Type Remarks Ref
Gotland 2 Sweden - Västervik Sweden - Yigne 92.9 6.6 150 130 1983 Thyr  
Chateauguay B2B Saint-Constant - Châteauguay Saint-Constant - Châteauguay 140 1000 1984 Thyr  
Oklaunion B2B USA - Oklaunion, TX USA - Oklaunion, TX 82 200 1984 Thyr  
Blackwater, New Mexico B2B USA - Blackwater, NM USA - Blackwater, NM 57 200 1984 Thyr  
Itaipu 2 Brazil - Foz do Iguaçu, Paraná Brazil - São Roque, São Paulo 805 600 3150 1984 ABB 
Itaipu 1 Brazil - Foz do Iguaçu, Paraná Brazil - São Roque, São Paulo 785 600 3150 1984 ABB 
Nelson River Bipole 2 Canada - Sundance Canada - Rosser 937 500 1800 1985 Thyr  
Madawaska, Quebec B2B Canada- Degelis Degelis 140 350 1985 Thyr  
Miles City, Montana B2B USA - Miles City USA - Miles City 82 200 1985 Thyr  
Highgate, VT B2B USA - Highgate, Vermont USA - Highgate, VT 56 200 1985 Thyr
Name Converter
station 1		 Converter
station 2		 Cable (km) Pole (km) Volt (kV) Power (MW) Year Type Remarks Ref
Cross-Channel (new) France - Les Mandarins UK - Sellindge 72 270 2000 1986 Thyr 2 bipolar systems
Path 27 USA - Intermountain, Utah USA - Adelanto, California 785 500 1920 1986 Thyr  
Uruguaiana B2B Brazil - Uruguaiana Brazil - Uruguaiana 17.9 53.9 1986 Thyr  
Broken Hill B2B Australia - Broken Hill Australia - Broken Hill 8.33 40 1986 Thyr  
Gotland 3 Sweden - Västervik Sweden - Yigne 98 150 130 1987 Thyr  
HVDC Zhoushan Ningbo - China Gao Tongge - China 12 42 100 50 1987 Thy
Konti-Skan 2 Denmark - Vester, Hassing Sweden - Lindome 87 60 285 300 1988 Thyr  
Virginia Smith B2B USA - Sidney, Nebraska USA - Sidney, Nebraska 50 200 1988 Thyr   [3]
Gezhouba - Shanghai "GeSha" or "Ge-Nan" China - Gezhouba China - Nan Qiao 1046 500 1200 1989 Thyr   Supplier: Siemens [4]
Fenno-Skan Finland - Rauma Sweden - Dannebo 200 33 400 500 1989 Thyr  
Name Converter
station 1		 Converter
station 2		 Cable (km) Pole (km) Volt (kV) Power (MW) Year Type Remarks Ref
Vindhyachal B2B India - Vindhyachal India - Vindhyachal 176 500 1989 Thyr  
Sileru-Barsoor India - Sileru India - Barsoor 196 200 400 1989 Thyr  
McNeill B2B Canada - Mc Neill, Alberta Canada - Mc Neill, Alberta 42 150 1989 Thyr  
Quebec - New England Transmission Canada - Radisson, Quebec Canada - Nicolet, Quebec ;
Canada - Des Cantons, Quebec ;
USA - Comerford, NH ;
USA - Ayer, MA		 5 1100 450 2000 1991 Thyr Multiterminal- 3 terminals. Supplier:ABB. [2]
Rihand-Delhi India - Rihand India - Dadri 814 500 1500 1992 Thyr  
HVDC Inter-Island 2 New Zealand - Benmore New Zealand - Haywards 40 570 350 500 1992 Thyr -350 kV 500 MW link in bipole configuration with HVDC Inter-Island 1. Operating at 700MW from 2007 to 2012 with a Pole 1 cable until new Pole 3 is commissioned.
Wolmirstedt B2B Germany - Wolmirstedt Germany - Wolmirstedt 160 600 (1992) Thyr construction work was stopped after reunification, static inverter hall is today part of a recycling yard
SACOI 2 Italy - Suvereto France- Lucciana  ; Codrongianos, Italy 118 304 200 300 1992 Thyr multiterminal scheme
Etzenricht B2B Germany - Etzenricht Germany - Etzenricht 160 600 1993 Thyr shut down in October 1995, dismantled in 2009
Vienna-Southeast B2B Austria - Vienna Austria - Vienna 142 600 1993 Thyr shut down in October 1996, dismantled in 2007
Name Converter
station 1		 Converter
station 2		 Cable (km) Pole (km) Volt (kV) Power (MW) Year Type Remarks Ref
Cross-Skagerak 3 Denmark - Tjele Norway - Kristiansand 130 100 350 500 1993 Thyr  
Baltic-Cable Germany - Lübeck- Herrenwyk Sweden - Kruseberg 250 12 450 600 1994 Thyr  
Kontek Denmark - Bjaeverskov Germany - Bentwisch 170 400 600 1996 Thyr  
Haenam-Cheju SouthKorea - Haenam SouthKorea - Jeju 101 180 300 1996 Thyr  
Chandrapur - Padghe India-Chandrapur India - Padghe 0 900 500 1500 1997 Thyr  
Hellsjön-Grängesberg Sweden - Hellsjoen Sweden - Graengesberg 10 180 3 1997 IGBT experimental HVDC
Leyte - Luzon Philippines - Ormoc, Leyte Naga, Camarines Sur 21 430 400 1600 1998 Thyr
Chandrapur B2B India-Chandrapur India-Chandrapur 0 0 205 1000 1998 Thyr  
Welch-Monticello B2B USA - Welch-Monticello, TX Welch Plant USA - Welch-Monticello, TX Monticello Plant 162 600 1998 Thyr  
Vizag I India - Visakhapatnam Gazuwaka India - Gazuwaka 176 500 1999 Thyr  
Name Converter
station 1		 Converter
station 2		 Cable (km) Pole (km) Volt (kV) Power (MW) Year Type Remarks Ref
Minami-Fukumitsu B2B Japan - Minami- Fukumitsu Japan - Minami- Fukumitsu 125 300 1999 Thyr  
Visby-Nas Sweden - Nas Sweden - Visby 70 80 50 1999 Thyr  
Kii Channel Japan - Anan Japan - Kihoku 50 50 500 1400 2000 Thyr  
SwePol Poland - Bruskowo Wielkie Sweden - Stärnö 245 450 600 2000 Thyr  
Garabi HVDC back-to-back station Brazil- Garabi Brazil- Garabi ±70 400 2000 Thyr  
Terranora interconnector ( Direktlink) Australia - Mullumbimby Australia - Bungalora 59 80 180 2000 IGBT land cable
Rivera B2B Uruguay - Rivera Uruguay - Rivera ± 20 70 2000 Thyr Supplier:Areva
Eagle Pass, Texas B2B USA - Eagle Pass, TX USA - Eagle Pass, TX 15.9 36 2000 IGBT  
Tjæreborg Denmark - Tjæreborg/Enge Denmark - Tjæreborg/Substation 4.3 9 7 2000 IGBT interconnection to wind power generating stations
Tianshengqiao - Guangzhou "Tian-Guang" or TSQ China - Tianshengqiao China - Beijiao 960 500 1800 2001 Thyr   Supplier: Siemens [4]
Italy-Greece Greece - Arachthos Italy - Galatina 200 110 400 500 2001 Thyr  
Name Converter
station 1		 Converter
station 2		 Cable (km) Pole (km) Volt (kV) Power (MW) Year Type Remarks Ref
Moyle UK - Auchencrosh UK - N. Ireland- Ballycronan More 63.5 250 250 2001 Thyr  
East South-II ESI II India - Talcher, Orissa India - Kolar, Karnataka 1450 500 2000 2002 Thyr   [3]
Cross Sound Cable USA - New Haven, CT USA - Shoreham, Long Island 40 150 330 2002 IGBT buried underwater cable
Thailand-Malaysia Thailand - Khlong Ngae Malaysia - Gurun 110 300 300 2002 Thyr  
Murraylink Australia - Red Cliffs Australia - Berri 177 ±150 220 2002 IGBT underground cable
Three Gorges-Changzhou China - Longquan ? China - Zhengping 860 500 3000 2003 Thyr   From north bank of Three Gorges to Zhengping, 200 km from Shanghai in the East grid. Supplier:ABB/Siemens [2][4][5]
Sasaram B2B India-Sasaram ? India-Sasaram ? 0 0 205 500 2003 Thyr  
Rapid City DC Tie B2B USA - Rapid City, South Dakota USA - Rapid City, South Dakota 13 200 2003 Thyr [3]
Guizhou-Guangdong I GuG I China - Anshun, Guizhou China - Zhaoqing, Guangdong 980 500 3000 2004 Thyr  Supplier: Siemens [2][4]
Three Gorges-Guangdong - Huizhou China - Jingzhou China - Huizhou 940 500 3000 2004 Thyr   Supplier = ABB [6] [2]
Name Converter
station 1		 Converter
station 2		 Cable (km) Pole (km) Volt (kV) Power (MW) Year Type Remarks Ref
HVDC Troll Norway - Kollsnes Norway - Offshore platform Troll A 70 60 80 2004 IGBT power supply for offshore gas compressor. Supplier:ABB [2]
Basslink Australia - LoyYang Australia - GeorgeTown, Tasmania 298.3 71.8 400 600 2005 Thyr One of the longest HVDC cable in operation, [3] [7]
Visakhapatnam B2B Vizag II India - Visakhapatnam India - Visakhapatnam 176 500 2005 Thyr   Installed at Gazuwaka. Supplier:ABB. This is similar in specs to Vizag I and connects the Eastern and Southern grids. [8]
Lingbao B2B China - Lingbao China - Lingbao 168 360 2005 Thyr  
Lamar Co., Colorado B2B USA - Lamar Co., CO USA - Lamar Co., CO 63.6 210 2005 Thyr Supplier: Siemens; Combination of B2B HVDC & Grid Power Flow Controller (GPFC) [9]
Three Gorges-Shanghai China - Yidu China - Shanghai 900 500 3000 2006 Thyr   Supplier:ABB [2]
Estlink Estonia - Harku Finland - Espoo 105 150 350 2006 IGBT   Supplier:ABB [2]
Higashi-Shimuzu B2B Japan - Shimuzu Japan - Shimuzu 125 300 2006 Thyr  
Guizhou-Guangdong II GuG II China - Xingren China - Shenzhen 1225 500 3000 2007 Thyr  Supplier: Siemens [2][4]
Neptune Cable USA - Long Island (Hicksville) NY USA -Sayreville, NJ 105 500 660 2007 Thyr   Supplier:Siemens [2][10]
Name Converter
station 1		 Converter
station 2		 Cable (km) Pole (km) Volt (kV) Power (MW) Year Type Remarks Ref
Sharyland B2B USA - Mission, TX USA - Mission, TX 21 150 2007 Thyr  
Al Fadhili B2B Saudi Arabia - Al Fadhili Saudi Arabia - Al Fadhili 1800 2008 Thyr [4]
NorNed Netherlands - Eemshaven Norway - Feda 580 450 700 2008 Thyr  Supplier:ABB [2]
Levis De-Icer Canada - Levis Canada - Levis 27 to 242 ±17.4 250 2008 Thyr Facility for overhead powerline de-icing. Normal operation: SVC
HVDC Ballia-Bhiwadi India - Ballia India - Bhiwadi 780 500 2500 2009* Thyr   Supplier: Siemens [2][11]
Outaouais B2B Canada - Outaouais Canada - Outaouais 315 625 (2x) 2009 Thyr   Expected completion 2009. Supplier:ABB [2]
Heihe B2B China - Heihe China - Heihe 750 2008 Thyr [5]
Gaoling B2B China - Gaoling China - Gaoling 1500 2008? Thyr
SAPEI Italy - Latina Italy - Fiume Santo 440 500 500 2009* Thyr   Expected completion 2009-08. Supplier:ABB [2]
NordE.ON 1 Germany - Diele Germany - Borkum 2 platform 203 150 400 2009 IGBT   Supplier:ABB [12]
HVDC Valhall Norway - Lista Norway - Valhall, Offshore platform 292 150 78 2009 IGBT  
Xiangjiaba - Shanghai China - Fengxia [6] China - Fulong[7] 2071 800 6400 2010* Thyr   Expected completion 2010 monopole, 2011 for bipole. Supplier:ABB. Update: In operation as of July 2010 (see second reference) [2] [13]
Name Converter
station 1		 Converter
station 2		 Cable (km) Pole (km) Volt (kV) Power (MW) Year Type Remarks Ref
Yunnan - Guangdong China - Yunnan province China - Guangdong 1418 ±800 5000 2010 Thyr Supplier: Siemens  [4]
Ningxia - Tianjing China - Ningxia China - Tianjing 3000 2010 Thyr
Hulunbeir-Liaoning China - Hulunbeir China - Shenyang 920 ±500 3000 2010 Thyr Supplier: ABB  [4]
BritNed UK - Grain Netherlands - Maasvlakte 245 450 1000 2010* Thyr   Operational since April 2011. Supplier:Siemens [2]

[14]
StoreBaelt Denmark- Fraugde Denmark- Herslev ~ 56 400 600 2010* Thyr   Expected completion 2010. Supplier:Siemens [2]
Trans Bay Cable USA - Pittsburg, CA USA - San Francisco, CA 85 200 400 2010 IGBT Supplier: Siemens & Pirelli;

[15]
Caprivi Link Namibia - Gerus Namibia - Zambezi 970 350 300 2010 IGBT [16]
North Shaanxi - Shandong China China 3000 2011 Thyr
Shandong - East B2B China China 1200 2011 Thyr
Melo B2B Uruguay - Melo Uruguay - Melo  ? 500 2011 Thyr Supplier:Areva
Cometa Spain - Morvedre Spain - Santa Ponsa 247 250 400 2011* Thyr   Expected completion 2011. Supplier: Siemens (PRYSMIAN/NEXANS) [2]
Fenno-Skan 2 Finland - Rauma Sweden - Finnbole 200 103 500 800 2011 Thyr  
Sumatera - Jawa Indonesia - Jawa Indonesia - Sumatera 700 500 3000 2011* Thyr   Expected completion 2011. Supplier:? [2]
Jindo - Jeju Korea- Jeju Korea - Jindo 119 250 200 (2x) 2011* Thyr   Expected completion 2011 Supplier:? [2]
Name Converter
station 1		 Converter
station 2		 Cable (km) Pole (km) Volt (kV) Power (MW) Year Type Remarks Ref
Jinping - East China China China ±800 6400 2012 Thyr
North - Central B2B China China 1000 2012 Thyr
Biswanath- Agra India - Biswanath India - Agra 1825 800 6000 2012* Thyr   Expected completion 2011-2012 bipole [17]
HVDC BorWin2 Germany - Diele Germany - BorWin Beta platform 200 300 800 2012 IGBT [8]
HVDC Inter-Island 3 New Zealand - Benmore New Zealand - Haywards 40 570 350 700 2012 Thyr Under construction - new pole to replace Pole 1 and operate in bipole configuration with Pole 2. Will use Pole 1 lines and cables. [18]
East West Interconnector Ireland - Woodland UK - Shotton, Wales 130 500 2012   Planned completion 2012. 2 alternative plans under consideration.
Jinhong - Thailand China Thailand 3000 2013 Thyr
Ridgefield B2B ( Hudson Project) USA - Ridgefield, New Jersey USA - Ridgefield, New Jersey 185 660 2013 Thyr
Akhaltsikhe B2B Georgia - Akhaltsikhe Georgie - Akhaltsikhe 96 700 2013 Thyr [9]
HVDC DolWin1 Germany - Heede Germany - DolWin Alpha platform 165 320 800 2013 IGBT   Supplier:ABB [10]
HVDC HelWin1 Germany - Büttel Germany - HelWin Alpha platform 130 250 576 2013 IGBT [11]
Xiluodo - Hunan China China ±800 6400 2014 Thyr
HVDC SylWin1 Germany - Büttel Germany - SylWin Alpha platform 205 320 864 2014 IGBT [12]
Estlink 2 Estonia - Püssi Finland - Anttila 157 14 450 650 2014 Thy
HVDC Ekibastuz-Centre Kazhakstan - Ekibastus Russia-Tambov 2400 750 6000  ? Thyr unfinished
SydVästlänken Sweden–Hallsberg
Norway–Oslo		 Sweden - Hurva 400 1200 2013-
2015		 IGBT
Humeng - Shandong China China ±800 6400 2015 Thyr
Xiluodo - Hanzhou China China ±800 6400 2015 Thyr
Irkutsk - Beijing Russia - Irkutsk China - Beijing ±800 6400 2015 Thyr
Nuozhadu - Guangdong China China ±800 6400 2015 Thyr
HVDC NordBalt Sweden - Nybro Lithuania - Klapeida 450 300 700 2015 IGBT Supplier:ABB [13]
Jinsha River II - East China China China ±800 6400 2016 Thyr
Goupitan - Guangdong China China 3000 2016 Thyr
Humeng - Liaoning China China ±800 6400 2018 Thyr
Hami - Central China China China ±800 6400 2018 Thyr
Jinsha River II - Fujian China China ±800 6400 2018 Thyr
Humeng - Liaoning China China ±800 6400 2018 Thyr
Tres Amigas SuperStation USA - Clovis, New Mexico USA - Clovis, New Mexico  ? 5000  ? IGBT
Name Converter
station 1		 Converter
station 2		 Cable (km) Pole (km) Volt (kV) Power (MW) Year Type Remarks Ref
Bakun HVDC Malaysia - Similajau Malaysia - Bentong 670 1030 500  ?  ? Thyr unfinished
Labrador-Island Transmission Link Canada - Gull Island, Labrador Canada - Soldiers Pond, Newfoundland 36 1167 450 800  ? Design
Shanghai-Shensi Shanghai, China Shensi, China ±50  ?  ? Thyr [14]
Maritime Transmission Link Canada - Bottom Brook, Newfoundland Canada - Cape Breton, Nova Scotia 180  ? 500  ?

Maps

Europe

  1. Iceland – UK (option), 1.1 GW
  2. Moyle: Auchencrosh, UK – Ballycronan More, Northern Ireland, UK
  3. Norway – UK (option), 1.2 GW
  4. Viking cable (option): Germany – Norway, 600 MW
  5. Kattegat (option): Norway – Zealand Island, Denmark; or Norway – southern Sweden
  6. Fenno-Skan: Rauma, Finland – Dannebo, Sweden
  7. Vyborg
  8. Estlink: Harku, Estonia – Espoo, Finland
  9. NorNed: Feda, Norway – Eemshaven, Netherlands
  10. Cross-Skagerak 1, 2, and 3: Tjele, Denmark – Kristiansand, Norway
  11. Konti-Skan 1 and 2: VesterHassing, Denmark – Stenkullen, Sweden
  12. Gotland: Västervik, Sweden – Yigne, Sweden
  13. NordE.ON 1: Diele, Germany – Borkum 2 platform, Germany
  14. StoreBaelt: Fyn Island, Sjælland, Denmark – Zealand Island, Denmark
  15. (purposely left blank)
  16. SwePol: Stärnö, Sweden – Słupsk, Poland
  17. Baltic-Cable: Lübeck- Herrenwyk, Germany – Kruseberg, Sweden
  18. Kontek: Bjaeverskov, Denmark – Bentwisch, Germany
  19. East West Interconnector: Leinster, Ireland – Anglesey, Wales, UK. Expected completion 2012.
  20. BritNed: UK – Netherlands. Operational since April 2011.
  21. HVDC Cross-Channel: Les Mandarins, France – Sellindge, UK
  22. HVDC Italy-Corsica-Sardinia: "SACOI" – Codrongianos, Sardinia, Italy – Lucciana, Corsica, France – Suvereto, Italy (mainland)
  23. Sapei, Sardinia – Italian mainland
  24. Cometa: Valencia, Spain – Mallorca, Spain
    25 — 28 EuroMed options:
  25. Algeria – Spain
  26. Algeria – Sardinia
  27. Tunis – Sicily
  28. Tripoli – Sicily
  29. HVDC Italy-Greece: Arachthos, Greece – Galatina, Italy

See also

References

  1. ^ James A. Besha, The historic Mechanicville Hydroelectric Station part 2, IEEE INDUSTRY APPLICATIONS MAGAZINE Mar/Apr 2007, page 8
  2. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t Working Group on HVDC and FACTS Bibliography and Records (2008-07-07). "HVDC PROJECTS LISTING". IEEE Transmission and Distribution Committee. http://www.ece.uidaho.edu/hvdcfacts/Projects/HVDCProjectsListingMay2008-existing.pdf. Retrieved 2008-12-19. 
  3. ^ a b c "HVDC Transformers- details". Siemens. https://www.energy-portal.siemens.com/static/hq/en/products_solutions/19024_163620_hvdc-transformers.html. Retrieved 2008-12-19. 
  4. ^ a b c d e f g "ROLE OF THREE GORGES - CHANGZHOU HVDC IN INTERCONNECTING CENTRAL AND EAST CHINA". ABB Asea Brown Boveri. http://library.abb.com/global/scot/scot221.nsf/veritydisplay/5a3c07c06ce80821c1256fda003b4d45/$File/Role%20of%20Three%20Gorges%20-%20Changzhou%20HVDC%20in%20Interconnecting%20.pdf. Retrieved 2008-12-19. 
  5. ^ "China to Construct High-Voltage Transmission System Between Yunnan, Guangdong". Transmission & Distribution World (Penton Media Inc.). 2007-06-11. http://tdworld.com/overhead_transmission/siemens-hvdc-transmission-china/. Retrieved 2008-12-19. 
  6. ^ "The Three Gorges–Guangdong HVDC link". ABB Asea Brown Boveri. 2005-06-03. http://library.abb.com/global/scot/scot221.nsf/veritydisplay/63063f62424ccf9ac12570290031068a/$File/POW-0039%203GG%20project%20brochure.pdf. Retrieved 2008-12-19. 
  7. ^ Joerg Dorn; Dietmar Retzmann, Cristen Schimpf, Dag Soerangr (2007-11-06). "HVDC Solutions for System Interconnection and Advanced Grid Access". EPRI HVDC conference 2007-09-13 to 14 (Siemens): 44. http://www.ptd.siemens.de/HVDC_Solutions_EPRI_Conference_09-07_V_1b.pdf. Retrieved 2008-12-19. 
  8. ^ "THE SECOND 1 x 500 MW HVDC BACK-TO-BACK INTERCONNECTION AT VIZAG". 2005-09-29. http://library.abb.com/global/scot/scot221.nsf/veritydisplay/9eecf559e0334b5cc125708b00501cb5/$File/Cigree_VizagIIB-t-B%20d%20Rev.%2000.pdf. Retrieved 2008-12-20. 
  9. ^ "APPLICATION OF THE GRID POWER FLOW CONTROLLER (GPFC) IN A BACK TO BACK PROJECT- details". Siemens. http://www.ptd.siemens.de/B4-202.pdf. Retrieved 2009-09-29. 
  10. ^ "What is Neptune RTS?". http://www.neptunerts.com/default.asp?Ss=5&Pg=7. Retrieved 2008-12-19. 
  11. ^ Peter Riedel; Kumar, Devinder (Siemens AG, Erlangen, DEU); Kölz, Andreas (Siemens AG, Erlangen, DEU); Kuhn, Matthias (Siemens AG, Erlangen, DEU); Chauhan, Rajeev Kumar (Powergrid Corporation of India Ltd, Gurgaon-122001 (Haryana), India, IND) (2008-09-03). "BASIC DESIGN ASPECTS OF 2500 MW BALLIA-BHIWADI 2500 MW HVDC POWER TRANSMISSION SYSTEM (abstract)". 17th Conference of the Electric Power Supply Industry (CEPSI), Macau/China, October 27–31, 2008. http://www.cepsi2008.org/CEPSI2008/files/oral/377/riedel_peter.pdf. Retrieved 2008-12-19. 
  12. ^ NordE.ON 1. ABB. http://www.abb.com/cawp/gad02181/306c726f332f36d3c1257353003b91f0.aspx. Retrieved 2008-12-20. 
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  • Vijay K. Sood. HVDC and FACTS Controllers: Applications Of Static Converters In Power Systems. Springer-Verlag. p. 2. ISBN 978-1402078903.